When I add another disk to the test VM (/dev/sdc) and create a partition /dev/sdc1 ceph-deploy succeeds with:
ceph-deploy osd create ceph01-test:sdb:/dev/sdc1
/dev/sdb1 on /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0 type xfs (rw,noatime,attr2,delaylog,noquota)
root@ceph01-test:~# l /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/
total 52
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 182 May 29 19:01 ./
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 May 29 19:01 ../
rw-r--r- 1 root root 499 May 29 19:01 activate.monmap
rw-r--r- 1 root root 3 May 29 19:01 active
rw-r--r- 1 root root 37 May 29 19:01 ceph_fsid
drwxr-xr-x 196 root root 8192 May 29 19:01 current/
rw-r--r- 1 root root 37 May 29 19:01 fsid
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 May 29 19:01 journal > /dev/sdc1
-rw------ 1 root root 56 May 29 19:01 keyring
rw-r--r- 1 root root 21 May 29 19:01 magic
rw-r--r- 1 root root 6 May 29 19:01 ready
rw-r--r- 1 root root 4 May 29 19:01 store_version
rw-r--r- 1 root root 0 May 29 19:01 sysvinit
rw-r--r- 1 root root 2 May 29 19:01 whoami
2013-05-29 19:01:16.538957 7f1e4bf81780 0 ceph version 0.61.2 (fea782543a844bb277ae94d3391788b76c5bee60), process ceph-osd, pid 3207
2013-05-29 19:01:16.591057 7f1e4bf81780 1 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mkfs in /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9
2013-05-29 19:01:16.591149 7f1e4bf81780 1 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mkfs fsid is already set to b850484e-ac3f-47e5-9467-76119861ec97
2013-05-29 19:01:16.596155 7f1e4bf81780 1 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) leveldb db exists/created
2013-05-29 19:01:16.605998 7f1e4bf81780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (0) Success
2013-05-29 19:01:16.606128 7f1e4bf81780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal fd 9: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:16.606442 7f1e4bf81780 -1 journal check: ondisk fsid 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 doesn't match expected b850484e-ac3f-47e5-9467-76119861ec97, invalid (someone else's?) journal
2013-05-29 19:01:16.607654 7f1e4bf81780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (0) Success
2013-05-29 19:01:16.607684 7f1e4bf81780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal fd 9: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:16.608053 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mkjournal created journal on /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal
2013-05-29 19:01:16.608083 7f1e4bf81780 1 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mkfs done in /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9
2013-05-29 19:01:16.612142 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount FIEMAP ioctl is supported and appears to work
2013-05-29 19:01:16.612162 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount FIEMAP ioctl is disabled via 'filestore fiemap' config option
2013-05-29 19:01:16.612404 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount did NOT detect btrfs
2013-05-29 19:01:16.626275 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount syscall(SYS_syncfs, fd) fully supported
2013-05-29 19:01:16.626373 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount found snaps <>
2013-05-29 19:01:16.635964 7f1e4bf81780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) mount: enabling WRITEAHEAD journal mode: btrfs not detected
2013-05-29 19:01:16.637423 7f1e4bf81780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (0) Success
2013-05-29 19:01:16.637463 7f1e4bf81780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal fd 15: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:16.639085 7f1e4bf81780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (0) Success
2013-05-29 19:01:16.639119 7f1e4bf81780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal fd 15: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:16.647752 7f1e4bf81780 -1 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9) could not find 23c2fcde/osd_superblock/0//-1 in index: (2) No such file or directory
2013-05-29 19:01:16.702668 7f1e4bf81780 1 journal close /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal
2013-05-29 19:01:16.703705 7f1e4bf81780 -1 created object store /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9 journal /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/journal for osd.0 fsid 79629e45-fa39-4aec-a125-d24c65513fb5
2013-05-29 19:01:16.704472 7f1e4bf81780 -1 auth: error reading file: /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/keyring: can't open /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/keyring: (2) No such file or directory
2013-05-29 19:01:16.704572 7f1e4bf81780 -1 created new key in keyring /var/lib/ceph/tmp/mnt.SLp5L9/keyring
2013-05-29 19:01:22.635153 7f05e9b93780 0 ceph version 0.61.2 (fea782543a844bb277ae94d3391788b76c5bee60), process ceph-osd, pid 3433
2013-05-29 19:01:22.664389 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount FIEMAP ioctl is supported and appears to work
2013-05-29 19:01:22.664431 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount FIEMAP ioctl is disabled via 'filestore fiemap' config option
2013-05-29 19:01:22.664740 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount did NOT detect btrfs
2013-05-29 19:01:22.670025 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount syscall(SYS_syncfs, fd) fully supported
2013-05-29 19:01:22.670137 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount found snaps <>
2013-05-29 19:01:22.673622 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount: enabling WRITEAHEAD journal mode: btrfs not detected
2013-05-29 19:01:22.675325 7f05e9b93780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (61) No data available
2013-05-29 19:01:22.675373 7f05e9b93780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal fd 18: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:22.677206 7f05e9b93780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (61) No data available
2013-05-29 19:01:22.677248 7f05e9b93780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal fd 18: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:22.678020 7f05e9b93780 1 journal close /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
2013-05-29 19:01:22.684128 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount FIEMAP ioctl is supported and appears to work
2013-05-29 19:01:22.684154 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount FIEMAP ioctl is disabled via 'filestore fiemap' config option
2013-05-29 19:01:22.684413 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount did NOT detect btrfs
2013-05-29 19:01:22.706269 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount syscall(SYS_syncfs, fd) fully supported
2013-05-29 19:01:22.706370 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount found snaps <>
2013-05-29 19:01:22.707629 7f05e9b93780 0 filestore(/var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0) mount: enabling WRITEAHEAD journal mode: btrfs not detected
2013-05-29 19:01:22.714775 7f05e9b93780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (61) No data available
2013-05-29 19:01:22.714843 7f05e9b93780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal fd 26: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1
2013-05-29 19:01:22.716719 7f05e9b93780 -1 journal _check_disk_write_cache: fclose error: (61) No data available
2013-05-29 19:01:22.716760 7f05e9b93780 1 journal _open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal fd 26: 1072693248 bytes, block size 4096 bytes, directio = 1, aio = 1